The structure is doing more work here than in any other business subject
Law assignments are graded partly on whether you followed the expected format. A case brief has parts, IRAC has an order, and answers that contain the right reasoning in the wrong structure lose points that have nothing to do with understanding.
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Legal analysis has a format. Ethical analysis has a dilemma
Legal questions usually want IRAC: the issue, the rule, the application of the rule to these facts, and the conclusion. The application section is where the points are and where students write least. Restating the rule is not applying it; applying it means showing which specific facts satisfy or fail each element.
Ethics questions want something different. They want a genuine conflict, a framework applied consistently, a position, and an honest acknowledgment of what that position costs. A question with an obvious right answer has usually been misread as an ethics question when it is a compliance question.
The two also get confused. Legal and ethical are not the same, and assignments frequently turn on something being lawful and still wrong, or being ethically defensible and still exposing the firm. Saying which you are analyzing is often worth points in itself.
- IRAC followed properly, with the application section carrying the weight
- Specific facts matched to specific elements of the rule
- Ethical frameworks applied consistently rather than listed
- Legal and ethical questions kept distinct
What we work on
Your own assignment and your own rubric
- Case briefs: facts, issue, holding, reasoning
- IRAC structure, with emphasis on application
- Contract, employment and corporate governance topics
- Utilitarian, deontological and stakeholder frameworks
- Writing a position that survives the strongest counterargument
Your analysis, and nothing here is legal advice
- We do not write your briefs, essays or case analyses.
- We do not supply completed assignments to adapt.
- We do not give legal advice of any kind.
- We do not complete work you will submit under your own name.
- We teach the structures, review your reasoning, and test the argument.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Issue, rule, application, conclusion. State the legal question, state the governing rule, apply that rule to the specific facts in front of you, then conclude. Most lost points are in application, which students often write as a restatement of the rule rather than as an analysis of the facts.
Take each element of the rule in turn and point at the specific fact that satisfies or fails it. If the rule has four elements, the application usually has four parts. Generalized discussion of the area of law is not application.
Typically the relevant facts, the procedural history, the legal issue, the holding, and the court's reasoning. Keep the facts to what actually bears on the issue. Long fact sections are the most common way to write a brief that is both longer and worth less.
Whichever you can apply consistently to the case. Utilitarian reasoning suits questions about aggregate outcomes; deontological reasoning suits questions about duties and rights; stakeholder analysis suits questions about competing interests. Applying one properly beats naming three.
Yes, and business ethics assignments are frequently built on exactly that gap. Saying explicitly which question you are answering, and noting where the two diverge, is often what separates a strong answer from an adequate one.
Send the assignment and the rubric
We will check the structure, tell you whether the application section is doing its work, and test the ethical argument against its best counterargument.
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